What is a species called that is restricted to a specific geographical area?

Study the following statements and select the correct option given below:
Statement-$I$: Biodiversity is the variety of features of life observed in the living organisms at different levels within a defined area.
Statement-$II$: Living organisms' attempt to accommodate with different environmental conditions forms the basis of diversity.

Definition / Explanation: $\beta$-diversity.

Number of red list categories prepared by $WCU$ $(IUCN)$ is

The measure of the variety of species and their relative abundance present within a region is referred to as

Developing or underdeveloped nations are rich in which of the following aspects?