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(A) Permanent hardness of water is caused by the presence of dissolved chlorides and sulfates of calcium and magnesium. It can be removed by adding wa

Vedclass · Accepted Answer

$Na_2CO_3$

Vedclass · Answer

(A) Permanent hardness of water is caused by the presence of dissolved chlorides and sulfates of calcium and magnesium. It can be removed by adding washing soda $(Na_2CO_3)$. The reaction is: $Ca^{2+} + Na_2CO_3 \rightarrow CaCO_3 \downarrow + 2Na^+$. $CaCO_3$ precipitates out,thereby removing the hardness.

Which of the following can be added to remove the permanent hardness of water?

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