(D) The concentration of $Na^{+}$ ions in the human body is regulated by the kidneys. An excess of $Na^{+}$ ions leads to water retention in the blood

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(D) The concentration of $Na^{+}$ ions in the human body is regulated by the kidneys. An excess of $Na^{+}$ ions leads to water retention in the blood vessels,which increases the volume of blood and consequently results in high blood pressure,also known as hypertension.