$Assertion :$ Transverse waves are produced in a very long string fixed at one end. Only a progressive wave is observed near the free end.
$Reason :$ Energy of the reflected wave does not reach the free end.

Two uniform strings of mass per unit length $\mu$ and $4 \mu$,and length $L$ and $2 L$,respectively,are joined at point $O$,and tied at two fixed ends $P$ and $Q$,as shown in the figure. The strings are under a uniform tension $T$. If we define the frequency $v_0=\frac{1}{2 L} \sqrt{\frac{T}{\mu}}$,which of the following statement$(s)$ is(are) correct?
$(A)$ With a node at $O$,the minimum frequency of vibration of the composite string is $v_0$
$(B)$ With an antinode at $O$,the minimum frequency of vibration of the composite string is $2 v_0$
$(C)$ When the composite string vibrates at the minimum frequency with a node at $O$,it has $6$ nodes,including the end nodes
$(D)$ No vibrational mode with an antinode at $O$ is possible for the composite string

$A$ pipe open at one end has a length of $0.8 \text{ m}$. At the open end of the tube, a string $0.5 \text{ m}$ long is vibrating in its first overtone and resonates with the fundamental frequency of the pipe. If the tension in the string is $50 \text{ N}$, what is the mass of the string (in $\text{ g}$)? (Neglect end correction, Speed of sound = $320 \text{ m/s}$)

Select the correct alternative$(s)$ :-
$(A)$ Number of nodes equals to number of antinodes in closed organ pipe.
$(B)$ In open organ pipe,if number of antinodes is $m$,then number of nodes will be $m-1$.
$(C)$ If frequency of $4^{\text{th}}$ harmonic of open organ pipe is $400 \ Hz$,then frequency of $2^{\text{nd}}$ overtone of closed organ pipe of same length is $250 \ Hz$.
$(D)$ Time interval between successive maxima or minima (for superposition of two waves) is $\Delta t = \frac{1}{|f_1-f_2|} \ s$.

$A$ pulse shown here is reflected from the rigid wall $A$ and then from the free end $B$. The shape of the string after these $2$ reflections will be

Explain why (or how):
$(a)$ in a sound wave,a displacement node is a pressure antinode and vice versa,
$(b)$ bats can ascertain distances,directions,nature,and sizes of the obstacles without any eyes,
$(c)$ a violin note and sitar note may have the same frequency,yet we can distinguish between the two notes,
$(d)$ solids can support both longitudinal and transverse waves,but only longitudinal waves can propagate in gases,and
$(e)$ the shape of a pulse gets distorted during propagation in a dispersive medium.