Explain the types of cell division during gamete formation.

(N/A) In all heterogametic species, there are two types of gametes: male and female. Gametes are haploid $(n)$, but the parent plant body from which they arise can be either haploid $(n)$ or diploid $(2n)$.
$A$ haploid parent produces gametes by mitosis.
Many organisms belonging to Monera, Fungi, Algae, and Bryophytes have a haploid plant body. However, in Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, Angiosperms, and many animals including humans, the parent body is diploid $(2n)$.
Therefore, to produce haploid gametes from a diploid body, a reductional division called meiosis occurs.
In diploid organisms, specialized cells called meiocytes undergo meiosis.
At the end of meiosis, one set of chromosomes $(n)$ enters each gamete.

Name of Organism	Chromosome number in meiocyte $(2n)$	Chromosome number in gamete $(n)$
Housefly	$12$	$6$
Rat	$42$	$21$
Dog	$78$	$39$
Cat	$38$	$19$
Fruit fly	$8$	$4$
Ophioglossum (fern)	$1260$	$630$
Apple	$34$	$17$
Rice	$24$	$12$
Maize	$20$	$10$
Potato	$48$	$24$
Butterfly	$380$	$190$
Onion	$16$	$8$
Human	$46$	$23$