Explain mutualism with various examples.

(N/A) Mutualism is a type of population interaction where both interacting species benefit from each other.
$1$. Lichens: This is a symbiotic association between fungi and algae or cyanobacteria. The fungus provides protection and minerals,while the alga provides food through photosynthesis.
$2$. Mycorrhizae: This is an association between fungi and the roots of higher plants. The fungi help the plant absorb water and nutrients,while the plant provides carbohydrates to the fungi.
$3$. Plant-Pollinator Interaction: Plants provide nectar and pollen as food rewards to pollinators (insects,birds,bats),and in return,the pollinators facilitate cross-pollination for the plants.
$4$. Fig and Wasp: The fig species is pollinated only by its partner wasp species. The wasp uses the fig fruit as an oviposition site and also feeds on some developing seeds,while the fig gets pollinated in the process.