Which state functions are required to understand the second law of thermodynamics?

Amongst the chemical reactions given below, the reactions with increasing entropy are
$(i)$ $H_2O_{(l)} \rightarrow H_2O_{(g)}$
$(ii)$ $C_{(s)} + CO_{2(g)} \rightarrow 2CO_{(g)}$
$(iii)$ $2H_{2(g)} + O_{2(g)} \rightarrow 2H_2O_{(l)}$
$(iv)$ $N_{2(g)} + O_{2(g)} \rightarrow \text{Mixture of } N_2 \text{ and } O_2$

If the enthalpy change for the transition of liquid water to steam is $30 \ kJ \ mol^{-1}$ at $27 \ ^oC,$ the entropy change for the process would be ............. $J \ mol^{-1} \ K^{-1}$

The entropy values (in $J K^{-1} mol^{-1}$) of $H_{2(g)} = 130.6$,$Cl_{2(g)} = 223.0$ and $HCl_{(g)} = 186.7$ at $298 \ K$ and $1 \ atm$ pressure. Then entropy change for the reaction $H_{2(g)} + Cl_{2(g)} \to 2HCl_{(g)}$ is :-

Change in entropy is positive for

For which of the following processes,$\Delta S$ is negative?