Identify the type of collision for the following cases:
$(a)$ Collision between a negatively charged object and a positively charged object.
$(b)$ Collision between two very large objects.
$(c)$ Collision between two quartz balls.

This question has Statement-$1$ and Statement-$2$. Of the four choices given after the statements, choose the one that best describes the two statements.
Statement-$1$: $A$ point particle of mass $m$ moving with speed $u$ collides with a stationary point particle of mass $M$. If the maximum energy loss possible is given as $f \left( \frac{1}{2} m u^2 \right)$, then $f = \left( \frac{m}{M + m} \right)$.
Statement-$2$: Maximum energy loss occurs when the particles get stuck together as a result of the collision.

$A$ body of mass $5\,kg$ is moving with a momentum of $10\,kg\,m/s$. Now a force of $2\,N$ acts on the body in the direction of its motion for $5\,s$. The increase in the kinetic energy of the body is $...........J$.

Two identical balls $A$ and $B$ are released from the positions shown in the figure. They collide elastically on the horizontal portion $MN$. All surfaces are smooth. The ratio of the maximum heights attained by $A$ and $B$ after the collision will be (Neglect energy loss at $M$ and $N$):

$A$ ball of mass $10\, kg$ moving with a velocity $10 \sqrt{3} \, m/s$ along the $x$-axis,hits another ball of mass $20\, kg$ which is at rest. After the collision,the first ball comes to rest while the second ball disintegrates into two equal pieces. One piece starts moving along the $y$-axis with a speed of $10 \, m/s$. The second piece starts moving at an angle of $30^{\circ}$ with respect to the $x$-axis. The velocity of the ball moving at $30^{\circ}$ with the $x$-axis is $x \, m/s$. The configuration of pieces after the collision is shown in the figure. The value of $x$ to the nearest integer is:

$A$ bullet loses $\left( \frac{1}{n} \right)^{th}$ of its velocity while passing through one plank. The number of such planks required to stop the bullet is: