Distinguish between: Linkage and Recombination.

Frequency of crossing over in a chromosome is an index of

$A$ scientist performed a gene mapping experiment in maize. He mapped genes on chromosomes based on the percentage of crossing over between different genes. One map unit corresponds to $1\%$ crossing over or recombination frequency. Based on the study of crossing over in maize, the scientist observed the following recombination percentages between genes $A, B, C,$ and $D$: $A$ and $D = 10\%$, $A$ and $C = 3\%$, $C$ and $D = 7\%$, $A$ and $B = 5\%$, and $C$ and $B = 8\%$. Based on these observations, determine the correct order of genes $A, B, C,$ and $D$ on the chromosome.

Which of the following is an exception to Mendel's laws?

Which of the following is true about linkage?
$I.$ It is a phenomenon in which more recombinants are produced in $F_{2}$-generation.
$II.$ More parental combinations are produced in $F_{2}$-generation.
$III.$ Genotypes which are present in $F_{1}$ hybrid reappear in high frequency in $F_{2}$-generation.
$IV.$ It is a phenomenon in which two chromosomes are linked.

In the construction of chromosome maps,the evidence is derived mainly from