In male sterilization, a small part of the vas deferens is removed or tied up. What is this procedure called?

Oral contraceptive pills are taken daily for a period of $...$ days. After a gap of $...$ days,this process is repeated until the woman desires to prevent conception.

$IUDs$ are small objects made up of plastic or copper that are inserted in the uterine cavity. Which of the following statements are correct about $IUDs$?
$(a)$ $IUDs$ decrease phagocytosis of sperm within the uterus.
$(b)$ The released copper ions suppress the sperm motility.
$(c)$ $IUDs$ do not make the cervix hostile to the sperm.
$(d)$ $IUDs$ suppress the fertilization capacity of sperm.
$(e)$ The $IUDs$ require surgical intervention for their insertion in the uterine cavity.
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Diosgenin obtained from the yam plant $(Dioscorea)$ is used in the manufacturing of . . . . . . .

Which of the following is a daily oral contraceptive pill?

Which of the following is a second-generation $IUD$?