What is the cause of sickle cell anemia?

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(B) Sickle cell anemia is an autosome-linked recessive trait that can be transmitted from parents to the offspring when both the partners are carrier

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Substitution of valine for glutamate in the $\beta$-globin chain.

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(B) Sickle cell anemia is an autosome-linked recessive trait that can be transmitted from parents to the offspring when both the partners are carrier for the gene. It is caused by a point mutation in the gene coding for the $\beta$-globin chain of hemoglobin. This mutation results in the substitution of glutamic acid (Glu) by valine (Val) at the sixth position of the $\beta$-globin chain of the hemoglobin molecule. Due to this amino acid substitution,the mutant hemoglobin molecule undergoes polymerization under low oxygen tension,causing the change in the shape of the $RBC$ from biconcave disc to an elongated sickle-like structure.

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