Select the appropriate option for $Saltation$.

Which one of the following is $NOT$ a character of disruptive natural selection?

Identify the phenomenon in which a new set of population is formed from the existing population due to an excessive change in the allele frequency.

Given below are two statements.
Statement $I$ - In disruptive natural selection,individuals acquire peripheral character value at both the ends of the distribution curve.
Statement $II$ - Industrial melanism is an example of disruptive selection.
In the light of the above statements,select the correct option given below:

$A$: Due to the bottleneck effect,among the survivors,certain alleles may be overrepresented,some may be underrepresented,and some alleles may be totally eliminated.
$R$: The path of extinction of a species cannot be reversed due to the bottleneck effect.

Who coined the phrase 'Survival of the Fittest'?