The $....X....$ variety of Brassica is resistant to $.....Y.....$ disease.

In which type of crops is the mass selection method used?

Which method is used to obtain all the cultivated varieties of sugarcane?

In which country is the $IARI$ institute located?

In crop improvement programmes,haploids are of great importance because they

Consider the following four statements $(a-d)$ regarding the successful cultivation of chickpea in an area where bacterial blight is common:
$(a)$ Spraying of Bordeaux mixture.
$(b)$ Control of the disease vector.
$(c)$ Use of disease-free seeds.
$(d)$ Use of disease-resistant varieties.
Which of the above are the most effective strategies for managing this disease?