When did Cohen and Boyer complete the construction of the first $r-DNA$ by isolating an antibiotic resistance gene?

An alien $DNA$ is linked with the origin of replication, so that this alien piece of $DNA$ can replicate and multiply itself in the host organism. This can also be called ......

When and where was the word "biotechnology" used for the first time?

What is the fate of a piece of $DNA$ carrying only the gene of interest which is transferred into an alien organism?
$A$. The piece of $DNA$ would be able to multiply itself independently in the progeny cells of the organism.
$B$. It may get integrated into the genome of the recipient.
$C$. It may multiply and be inherited along with the host $DNA$.
$D$. The alien piece of $DNA$ is not an integral part of the chromosome.
$E$. It shows the ability to replicate.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Give general information about the origin of the recombinant $DNA$ molecule.

In which of the following methods are both desired and undesired genes introduced into the organism?