In the context of hydrarch succession,which characteristic is typically achieved at the climax stage?

An ecosystem has two components:

Consider the following statements about the carbon cycle and choose how many statements are correct?
$(a)$ The atmosphere contains $71\;\%$ of the total global carbon.
$(b)$ Decomposers contribute substantially to the $CO_2$ pool by processing waste materials and dead organic matter from land or oceans.
$(c)$ $4 \times 10^{13}\; kg$ of carbon is fixed through photosynthesis annually.
$(d)$ There is no respiratory input into the atmosphere.
$(e)$ Carbon constitutes $49\;\%$ of the dry weight of organisms.

In an ecosystem with a simple food web or food chain,if a change occurs at any one trophic level,what characteristic will emerge?

Food levels in an ecosystem are called

Which of the following are reservoirs for phosphorus and nitrogen cycle respectively?