$(a)$ Identify the organisms $A$ and $B$ and the mode of asexual reproduction exhibited by them.
$(b)$ How will an organism be benefitted if it reproduces through spores?
$(c)$ Mention the two asexual methods by which Hydra can reproduce. Explain briefly any one such method.

(N/A) $(i)$ Organism $A$ is Bryophyllum,which reproduces by vegetative propagation.
$(ii)$ Organism $B$ is Plasmodium,which reproduces by multiple fission.
$(b)$ Spores are reproductive bodies covered with thick,protective walls. These walls protect the spores from unfavorable environmental conditions (like heat or desiccation) until they come into contact with a moist surface and begin to grow.
$(c)$ The two asexual methods by which Hydra can reproduce are Budding and Regeneration.
Budding: In this process,a bud develops as an outgrowth due to repeated cell division at a specific site on the parent body. These buds develop into tiny individuals,mature,and eventually detach from the parent to become new,independent individuals.
Regeneration: In this process,specialized cells divide to form a large number of cells,which then undergo changes to become various cell types and tissues,eventually forming the complete organism.