$(a)$ Resistivity of iron is $10 \times 10^{-8} \; \Omega m$ and of mercury is $94 \times 10^{-8} \; \Omega m$. Which among iron and mercury is a better conductor? Give reason.
$(b)$ Resistivity of a material $A$ is in the range of $10^{10}-10^{14} \; \Omega m$ while that of $B$ is in the range of $10^{-6}-10^{-8} \; \Omega m$. Which of the two will behave as an insulator and why?

$(a)$ Name an instrument that measures potential difference between two points in a circuit. Define the unit of potential difference in terms of $SI$ unit of charge and work. Draw the circuit symbols for $(i)$ variable resistor,$(ii)$ a plug key which is closed.
$(b)$ Two electric circuits $(I)$ and $(II)$ are shown below.
$(i)$ Which of the two circuits has more resistance?
$(ii)$ Through which circuit does more current pass?
$(iii)$ In which circuit is the potential difference across each resistor equal?
$(iv)$ If $R_{1} > R_{2} > R_{3}$,in which circuit will more heat be produced in $R_{1}$ as compared to the other two resistors?

If a $12 \ V$ battery is connected to the arrangement of resistances given below,calculate
$(i)$ the total effective resistance of the arrangement and
$(ii)$ the total current flowing in the circuit.

In an experimental set-up as shown below,a piece of silver was placed touching points $A$ and $B$. Next time it was replaced by a piece of wood. In which case did the bulb glow? Give reason to justify the observation.

Heat dissipated by a conductor when a current is passed through it is directly proportional to the resistance of the conductor.

Identify the circuit (Figure) in which the electrical components have been properly connected.