$(a)$ In which two ways do amphibians differ from fishes?
$(b)$ Identify the phylum of organisms having the following characteristics:
$(i)$ Pore-bearing animals and radial symmetry.
$(ii)$ Body spiny and radial symmetry.
$(c)$ Why do gymnosperms not require water for fertilization?
$(b)$ Identify the phylum of organisms having the following characteristics:
$(i)$ Pore-bearing animals and radial symmetry.
$(ii)$ Body spiny and radial symmetry.
$(c)$ Why do gymnosperms not require water for fertilization?
(N/A) $(i)$ Amphibians have a three-chambered heart,whereas fishes have a two-chambered heart.
$(ii)$ Amphibians respire through lungs on land,whereas fishes respire through gills.
$(b)$ $(i)$ Phylum Porifera.
$(ii)$ Phylum Echinodermata.
$(c)$ Gymnosperms do not require water for fertilization because they produce pollen grains that are transferred to the female reproductive organs by wind (anemophily),allowing the male gametes to reach the egg without the need for an external water medium.
$(ii)$ Amphibians respire through lungs on land,whereas fishes respire through gills.
$(b)$ $(i)$ Phylum Porifera.
$(ii)$ Phylum Echinodermata.
$(c)$ Gymnosperms do not require water for fertilization because they produce pollen grains that are transferred to the female reproductive organs by wind (anemophily),allowing the male gametes to reach the egg without the need for an external water medium.
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