In the equation $GPP - R = NPP$,what does $R$ represent?

  • A
    Radiant energy
  • B
    Respiration losses
  • C
    Environmental factors
  • D
    Retardation factors

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Which of the following is the unit of productivity of an ecosystem?

The amount of organic matter stored by green plants in a unit time and area is called

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The net primary productivity of an ecosystem is:

At which of the following levels can Net Primary Productivity $(NPP)$ be obtained?

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