When $o$-xylene is oxidized in the presence of $V_2O_5$,the product is:

Benzene is treated with oleum to produce compound $(X)$,which when further heated with molten sodium hydroxide followed by acidification produces compound $(Y)$. The compound $(Y)$ is treated with zinc metal to produce compound $(Z)$. Identify the structure of compound $(Z)$ from the following options.

The increasing order of reactivity of the following compounds towards aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction is:

The electrophile,$E^{+}$,attacks the benzene ring to generate the intermediate $\sigma$-complex. Which $\sigma$-complex is of lowest energy?

Identify the product $(C)$ from the given reaction sequence.

Product $(A)$ is