The functional unit of nature is:

Give differences between the carbon cycle and the phosphorus cycle.

$A$ community which starts succession in a habitat is

What is an ecosystem service? List any four important ecosystem services provided by the natural ecosystems. Are you in favour or against levying a charge on the service provided by the ecosystem?

Distinguish between primary succession and secondary succession based on the following examples:
$I-$ Abandoned farmland
$II-$ Burned or cut forests
$III-$ Newly cooled lava
$IV -$ Bare rock
$V -$ Flooded lands
$VI -$ Newly created pond or reservoir
Identify the correct grouping for primary succession and secondary succession respectively.

Since bamboo plants grow in a forest,what will be their trophic level?