$A$ wall is made of equally thick layers $P$ and $Q$ of different materials. The thermal conductivity of $Q$ is half of that of $P$. In the steady state,if the temperature difference across the wall is $24^{\circ} C$,then the temperature difference across the layer $P$ is ............... . (in $^{\circ} C$)

Which of the following factors affect the thermal conductivity of a rod?

The temperature difference between two sides of an iron plate,$1.8 \ cm$ thick is $9^{\circ} C$. Heat is transmitted through the plate at a rate of $10 \ kcal / (s \cdot m^2)$ at steady state. The thermal conductivity of iron is:

Two thin metallic spherical shells of radii $20 \text{ cm}$ and $30 \text{ cm}$, respectively, are placed with their centers coinciding. $A$ material of thermal conductivity $\alpha$ is filled in the space between the shells. The inner shell is maintained at $300 \text{ K}$ and the outer shell at $310 \text{ K}$. If the rate at which heat flows radially through the material is $40 \text{ W}$, find the value of $\alpha$ (in units of $\text{J s}^{-1} \text{ m}^{-1} \text{ K}^{-1}$).

If the thermal conductivity of copper is $9$ times that of steel,what will be the temperature of the junction in $^oC$?

$A$ deep rectangular pond of surface area $A$,containing water (density $=\rho$,specific heat capacity $=s$),is located in a region where the outside air temperature is at a steady value of $-26^{\circ}C$. The thickness of the frozen ice layer in this pond at a certain instant is $x$. Taking the thermal conductivity of ice as $K$ and its specific latent heat of fusion as $L$,the rate of increase of the thickness of the ice layer at this instant would be given by: