What is the effect of temperature and light on plant growth regulators in plants?

The site of perception of light in plants during photoperiodism is:

In some plants,flowering is induced only when the duration of light exposure is less than a critical duration. Such plants are called $...............$.

Some varieties of wheat are known as spring wheat while others are called winter wheat. The former variety is sown and planted in spring and is harvested by the end of the same season. However,winter varieties,if planted in spring,fail to flower or produce mature grains within a span of a flowering season. Explain,why?

Given below are two statements.
Statement $I$: If the long dark period is interrupted by a brief flash of light,short day plants will not flower.
Statement $II$: When the long dark period is interrupted by a brief flash of light,long day plants can flower.
In the light of above statements,choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

An example of a short-day plant is: