The chemiosmotic hypothesis for ATP synthesis | vedclass

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(A) The chemiosmotic hypothesis,proposed by Peter Mitchell,explains how $ATP$ is synthesized in chloroplasts and mitochondria. It states that the ener

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Proton gradient

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(A) The chemiosmotic hypothesis,proposed by Peter Mitchell,explains how $ATP$ is synthesized in chloroplasts and mitochondria. It states that the energy for $ATP$ synthesis is derived from a proton gradient ($H^+$ gradient) across the membrane (thylakoid membrane in chloroplasts and inner mitochondrial membrane in mitochondria). When protons accumulate in the lumen (in chloroplasts) or intermembrane space (in mitochondria),a concentration gradient is created. The movement of these protons back across the membrane through the $ATP$ synthase enzyme complex provides the energy required to phosphorylate $ADP$ into $ATP$.

The chemiosmotic hypothesis for $ATP$ synthesis in chloroplasts and mitochondria is based on the .......

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