What is $Strigula$?

What is the flask-shaped fruiting body of a lichen called?

Assertion $(S)$: Viruses are considered as a link between living and non-living organisms.
Reason $(R)$: Viruses replicate only when they are inside a host cell,whereas they behave as non-living particles in a free state.

Which of the following microbes is made up of protein only?

In the given figure,what do $X$ and $Y$ represent respectively?

Most of the plant viruses are characterized by having: