The method of following universally accepted principles by biologists to name any living organism is called ......

$X$ - Mountains,boulders and sand mounds do grow even they are non-living.
$Y$ - Growth is a character of only non-living.

$S$ Statement: Reproduction leads to an increase in the number of organisms.
$R$ Reason: In reproduction,organisms produce new individuals similar to themselves upon reaching maturity.
$(a)$ Both $S$ and $R$ are true,and $R$ is the correct explanation of $S$.
$(b)$ Both $S$ and $R$ are true,but $R$ is not the correct explanation of $S$.
$(c)$ $S$ is true and $R$ is false.
$(d)$ $S$ is false and $R$ is true.

Studies of plants,animals,and fungi show that they differ in $P$ while they show similarities in $Q$.

Statement $A$: The number of individuals of each species remains limited due to death.
Reason $R$: Due to death,the materials forming the body of living organisms return to the environment.
Which option is correct for Statement $A$ and Reason $R$?

Two plants can be conclusively said to belong to the same species if they