What is a $Genotype$?

The synthesis of starch in pea seeds is controlled by a single gene. This gene has two alleles,$B$ and $b$. If the shape of the pea seed is considered as the phenotype,what type of inheritance does this represent?

Statement-$I$: The segregation of alleles is a random process and so there is a $50\%$ chance of a gamete containing either allele.
Statement-$II$: Alleles do not show any blending at either $F_1$ or $F_2$ generation.

The main reason for the success of Mendel was

Read the following statements.
Statement $I$: In a typical test cross, an organism showing a dominant phenotype is crossed with the recessive parent.
Statement $II$: The ratio of organisms showing dominant and recessive traits in $F_1$ generation of a test cross indicates that the organism with unknown genotype is homozygous dominant.
Choose the correct option.

The seven pairs of contrasting traits in pea plants studied by Mendel were actually located on how many chromosomes?