Any change in gene frequency in a population is called ......

The peppered moth $(Biston \text{ } betularia)$, the black-coloured form became dominant over the light-coloured form of moth in England during the industrial revolution. This is an example of

Hugo de Vries discarded the principle of which of the following scientists while proposing his mutation theory?

State Darwin's view on the role of variations in evolution.

In a population of plants,some were extremely tall,and the remaining were extremely dwarf. No plants of the population showed intermediate height. The type of operation of natural selection in the above case is

Observations from England support evolution by natural selection. Before industrialization, $P$ moths were more abundant on trees, whereas after industrialization, $Q$ moths were more abundant. Identify $Q$.