What is the meaning of the word $des$ in French?

Which of the following secretes toxins during storage conditions of crop plants?

The discovery of antibiotics is considered a significant achievement of which century?

$A$: It is considered advantageous to give the polio vaccine orally.
$R$: It prevents reinfection by causing intestinal immunity.

Diseases present in an offspring at the time of birth are called .......?

Who among the following established the scientific basis of vaccination?