In the given diagram of the life cycle of Anopheles,what does the part labeled '$A$' represent?

State whether true or false :
$(1)$ Gastrointestinal tract,kidney and heart also produce hormones.
$(2)$ Pars distalis produces six trophic hormones.
$(3)$ $B$-lymphocytes provide cell-mediated immunity.
$(4)$ Insulin resistance results in a disease called diabetes mellitus.

$A$: Newer antibiotics are required to be produced regularly.
$R$: Pathogens often develop resistance to existing antibiotics.

Match the following columns:

Column-$I$	Column-$II$
$1.$ Typhoid	$a.$ Trichophyton
$2.$ Pneumonia	$b.$ Rhinovirus
$3.$ Common cold	$c.$ Haemophilus influenzae
$4.$ Ringworm	$d.$ Salmonella typhi

Anemia is caused in which of the following diseases?

$S -$ Statement: Cancer is a deadly infectious disease.
$R -$ Reason: $AIDS$ was first reported in the $USA$ in $1986$.