How many times does the genetic material replicate during the process of meiosis?

The diplotene phase of meiosis is also characterised by:
$a$. Desynapsis
$b$. Complete terminalisation of chiasmata
$c$. Dictyotene stage
$d$. Complete disappearance of nuclear membrane and nucleoli
$e$. Complete development of astral rays and aster
$f$. Longest phase of prophase-$I$

The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes occurs during which process?

In an organism that has $44$ chromosomes,i.e.,$22$ homologous pairs,at the end of the first meiotic division,the daughter cell will have:

Which is the initial stage of meiosis?

Crossing over occurs in $ \dots $.