Who discovered $TMV$ (Tobacco Mosaic Virus)?

Most lichens consist of:

What is the fruiting body of the lichen shown in the given figure called?

Viruses that infect bacteria,multiply and cause their lysis,are called

Assertion $A$: Viruses are considered as a link between living and non-living organisms.
Reason $R$: Viruses are non-living,but they are obligate parasites in living cells.
Which option is correct for Assertion $A$ and Reason $R$?

Which of the following is not included in any of the five kingdoms proposed by $R.H. \text{Whittaker}$?