During which process is energy released?

Statement $X$: All the various biochemical reactions occurring in every cell of a living organism are collectively called 'metabolism'.
Statement $Y$: Growth occurs when the rate of anabolic processes is greater than the rate of catabolic processes.

In living organisms, the formation and breakdown of substances occur through chemical reactions. These chemical reactions are collectively known as:

Statement $P$: The various types of biochemical reactions occurring in every cell of a living organism are collectively called metabolism.
Statement $Q$: Growth occurs when the rate of anabolic processes is greater than the rate of catabolic processes.

Which metabolic processes are carried out by a cell?

If the energy level of the product $(P)$ is lower than the energy level of the substrate $(S)$, then the process is: