Which characteristic is responsible for the formation of a new species?

Comment on the statement that 'evolution and natural selection are end result or consequence of some other processes but themselves are not processes'.

In the case of the peppered moth $(Biston \text{ } betularia)$, the dark-colored form became more prevalent than the light-colored form in England during the Industrial Revolution. This is an example of:

Given below are two statements.
Statement $I$ - According to Darwin,the gradual,inheritable variations over a long period of time lead to speciation.
Statement $II$ - According to Hugo de Vries,mutations are the cause of variations.
In the light of above statements,select the correct option given below:

Which organisms survive in their environment?

Random unidirectional change in allele frequencies that occurs by chance in all populations and especially in small populations is known as