Which scientists conducted in-depth research in the field of plant classification?

Which of the following pairs of plants does not show seed formation?

All plants in this group are heterosporous.

Match the Column-$I$ with Column-$II$ and choose the correct option from the following:

Column-$I$ (Plant groups)	Column-$II$ (Examples)
$1$. Bryophyta	$p$. Pinus
$2$. Gymnosperm	$q$. Adiantum
$3$. Algae	$r$. Sphagnum
$4$. Pteridophyta	$s$. Ectocarpus

Consider the following four statements. Which of them are wrong?
$(a)$ The sporophyte in liverworts is more elaborate than that in mosses.
$(b)$ $Salvinia$ is heterosporous.
$(c)$ The life cycle in all seed-bearing plants is diplontic.
$(d)$ In $Pinus$,male and female cones are borne on different trees.

Which plant exhibits a haplodiplontic life cycle?