$A$ pump is used to deliver water at a certain rate through a pipe. To obtain $n$ times the water in the same time,by what factor should the velocity of water,the force of water,and the power of the pump be increased?

$STATEMENT-1$: The stream of water flowing at high speed from a garden hose pipe tends to spread like a fountain when held vertically up,but tends to narrow down when held vertically down.
$STATEMENT-2$: In any steady flow of an incompressible fluid,the volume flow rate of the fluid remains constant.

$(a)$ It is known that the density $\rho$ of air decreases with height $y$ as $\rho = \rho_{0} e^{-y / y_{0}}$,where $\rho_{0} = 1.25 \; kg \, m^{-3}$ is the density at sea level,and $y_{0}$ is a constant. This density variation is called the law of atmospheres. Obtain this law assuming that the temperature of the atmosphere remains constant (isothermal conditions). Also,assume that the value of $g$ remains constant.
$(b)$ $A$ large $He$ balloon of volume $1425 \; m^{3}$ is used to lift a payload of $400 \; kg$. Assume that the balloon maintains a constant radius as it rises. How high does it rise?
[Take $y_{0} = 8000 \; m$ and $\rho_{He} = 0.18 \; kg \, m^{-3}$]

The diagram shows a cup of tea seen from above. The tea has been stirred and is now rotating without turbulence. $A$ graph showing the speed $v$ with which the liquid is crossing points at a distance $X$ from $O$ along a radius $XO$ would look like:

$A$ thin vertical uniform wooden rod is pivoted at the top and immersed in water as shown. The container is slowly raised. At a certain moment,the equilibrium becomes unstable. If the density of water is $9/5$ times the density of wood,then the ratio of the total length of the rod to the submerged length of the rod at that moment is:

$A$ vertical $U-$tube of uniform inner cross-section contains mercury in both sides of its arms. $A$ glycerin (density = $1.3 \text{ g/cm}^3$) column of length $10 \text{ cm}$ is introduced into one of its arms. Oil of density $0.8 \text{ g/cm}^3$ is poured into the other arm until the upper surfaces of the oil and glycerin are in the same horizontal level. Find the length of the oil column in $\text{cm}$. (Density of mercury = $13.6 \text{ g/cm}^3$)