When the atomic number of the first target is $Z_1 = 64$ and the atomic number of the second target is $Z_2 = 80$,the approximate ratio of the wavelengths of the $K_{\alpha,1}$ and $K_{\alpha,2}$ radiations is .......

The wavelength $\lambda$ of the ${K_{\alpha}}$ line of characteristic $X$-ray spectra varies with atomic number $Z$ approximately as:

For the study of bone fractures,the minimum wavelength of $X$-rays should be $10^{-11} \ m$. The accelerating voltage for electrons in the $X$-ray machine will be .......

$(a)$ An $X$-ray tube produces a continuous spectrum of radiation with its short wavelength end at $0.45\,\mathring{A}$. What is the maximum energy of a photon in the radiation?
$(b)$ From your answer to $(a)$,guess what order of accelerating voltage (for electrons) is required in such a tube?

An electron having de-Broglie wavelength $\lambda$ is incident on a target in an $X$-ray tube. The cut-off wavelength of the emitted $X$-ray is:

$X$-rays are produced in an $X$-ray tube operating at a given accelerating voltage. The wavelength of the continuous $X$-rays has values from