Which of the following gaseous ions has the maximum number of unpaired electrons?

Write down the electronic configuration of:
$(i) Cr^{3+}$
$(ii) Pm^{3+}$
$(iii) Cu^{+}$
$(iv) Ce^{4+}$
$(v) Co^{2+}$
$(vi) Lu^{2+}$
$(vii) Mn^{2+}$
$(viii) Th^{4+}$

In the periodic table,the first transition series is placed in:

The melting point of $Zn$ is lower as compared to those of the other elements of the $3d$ series because:

The reason for the stability of the $Gd^{3+}$ ion is.....

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion $(A)$ and the other is labelled as Reason $(R)$. Assertion $(A)$: In aqueous solutions $Cr^{2+}$ is reducing while $Mn^{3+}$ is oxidising in nature.
Reason $(R)$: Extra stability to half-filled electronic configuration is observed than incompletely filled electronic configuration.
In the light of the above statement,choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below: