(A) Element $X$ has $2$ valence electrons,so it loses $2$ electrons to form $X^{2+}$ ion $(X \to X^{2+} + 2e^-)$.Element $Y$ has $6$ valence electrons

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(A) Element $X$ has $2$ valence electrons,so it loses $2$ electrons to form $X^{2+}$ ion $(X \to X^{2+} + 2e^-)$.Element $Y$ has $6$ valence electrons,so it gains $2$ electrons to form $Y^{2-}$ ion $(Y + 2e^- \to Y^{2-})$.Combining these ions in a $1:1$ ratio to maintain electrical neutrality,the formula of the compound is $XY$.