In the $3d$ series of transition elements,the atomic radii from $Cr$ to $Cu$ are approximately the same because:

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion $A$ and the other is labelled as Reason $R$.
Assertion $A$: In $T \ell I_{3}$,isomorphous to $CsI_{3}$,the metal is present in $+1$ oxidation state.
Reason $R$: $T \ell$ metal has fourteen $f$ electrons in the electronic configuration.
In the light of the above statements,choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

Although $Zr$ belongs to the $4d$ and $Hf$ belongs to the $5d$ transition series, it is quite difficult to separate them. Why?

Why do ions of the first transition series exhibit paramagnetism? State the calculated and experimental observed magnetic moments of these ions.

Write down the electronic configuration of:
$(i) Cr^{3+}$
$(ii) Pm^{3+}$
$(iii) Cu^{+}$
$(iv) Ce^{4+}$
$(v) Co^{2+}$
$(vi) Lu^{2+}$
$(vii) Mn^{2+}$
$(viii) Th^{4+}$

Pairs of elements with the same number of electrons in their respective $4f$ orbital are [Atomic number: $Eu-63, Gd-64, Dy-66, Ho-67, Tm-69, Yb-70, Lu-71, Hf-72$]. Choose the correct answer from the options given below: