In nucleophilic substitution reactions,alkyl | vedclass

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(D) Aryl halides are less reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reactions compared to alkyl halides due to the following reasons: $1$. Resonance

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Resonance stabilization and $sp^2$ hybridization of $C$ attached to the halide

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(D) Aryl halides are less reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reactions compared to alkyl halides due to the following reasons: $1$. Resonance effect: The lone pair of electrons on the halogen atom participates in conjugation with the benzene ring,resulting in partial double bond character in the $C-X$ bond,which makes it stronger and shorter. $2$. Difference in hybridization: In aryl halides,the carbon atom attached to the halogen is $sp^2$ hybridized,which is more electronegative and holds the electron pair more tightly than the $sp^3$ hybridized carbon in alkyl halides. $3$. Instability of phenyl cation: The phenyl cation formed by the self-ionization of aryl halides is not stabilized by resonance.

List-$I$ Conversion	List-$II$ Reagents,Conditions used
$A$. Chlorobenzene $\rightarrow$ Phenol	$I$. Warm,$H_2O$
$B$. $1$-Chloro-$4$-nitrobenzene $\rightarrow$ $4$-Nitrophenol	$II$. $(a)$ $NaOH, 368 \ K$; $(b)$ $H_3O^+$
$C$. $1$-Chloro-$2,4$-dinitrobenzene $\rightarrow$ $2,4$-Dinitrophenol	$III$. $(a)$ $NaOH, 443 \ K$; $(b)$ $H_3O^+$
$D$. $1$-Chloro-$2,4,6$-trinitrobenzene $\rightarrow$ $2,4,6$-Trinitrophenol	$IV$. $(a)$ $NaOH, 623 \ K, 300 \ atm$; $(b)$ $H_3O^+$

In nucleophilic substitution reactions,alkyl halides are more reactive than aryl halides because...

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