Aryl halides are less reactive towards nucleo | vedclass

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(B) Aryl halides are less reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reactions compared to alkyl halides due to the following reasons:$1$. Resonance e

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Resonance stabilization

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(B) Aryl halides are less reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reactions compared to alkyl halides due to the following reasons:$1$. Resonance effect: In aryl halides,the lone pair of electrons on the halogen atom is in conjugation with the $\pi$-electrons of the benzene ring,resulting in partial double bond character between the carbon and the halogen atom $(C-X)$. This makes the bond stronger and shorter,making it difficult to break.$2$. Hybridization: The carbon atom attached to the halogen in aryl halides is $sp^2$ hybridized,which is more electronegative than the $sp^3$ hybridized carbon in alkyl halides,holding the electron pair more tightly.$3$. Instability of phenyl cation: The phenyl cation formed by the self-ionization of aryl halides is not stabilized by resonance.Among the given options,resonance stabilization of the $C-X$ bond is the primary reason for the reduced reactivity.

Aryl halides are less reactive towards nucleophilic substitution reactions than alkyl halides because of:

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