Which of the following amino acids is chiral?

The synthetic sweetener aspartame,known commercially as NutraSweet,is a methyl ester of a dipeptide. In aqueous solution on standing,it changes to:

Treatment of compound $O$ ($1,2-$diethylbenzene) with $KMnO_4 / H^{+}$ gives $P$ (phthalic acid),which on heating with ammonia gives $Q$ (phthalamide). The compound $Q$ on treatment with $Br_2 / NaOH$ produces $R$ ($o-$phenylenediamine). On strong heating,$Q$ gives $S$ (phthalimide),which on further treatment with ethyl $2-$bromopropanoate in the presence of $KOH$ followed by acidification,gives a compound $T$.
$(1)$ The compound $R$ is
$(2)$ The compound $T$ is
$(A)$ glycine
$(B)$ alanine
$(C)$ valine
$(D)$ serine
Identify the correct options for $(1)$ and $(2)$.

Which one of the nitrogen atoms of histidine is protonated first?

Which of the following can be used to detect the presence of $\alpha$-amino acids?

Which of the following will not exist in zwitter ionic form at $pH = 7$?