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(A) The reactivity towards electrophilic aromatic substitution $(ESR)$ depends on the electron density in the benzene ring. Substituents that increase

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$IV < I < II < III$

Vedclass · Answer

(A) The reactivity towards electrophilic aromatic substitution $(ESR)$ depends on the electron density in the benzene ring. Substituents that increase electron density (electron-donating groups) activate the ring,while those that decrease it (electron-withdrawing groups) deactivate the ring.$(I)$ Benzene: Reference compound.$(II)$ Toluene $(-CH_3)$: $-CH_3$ is an electron-donating group by $+I$ and hyperconjugation effects,activating the ring.$(III)$ Anisole $(-OCH_3)$: $-OCH_3$ is a strong electron-donating group by $+M$ effect,which strongly activates the ring.$(IV)$ Trifluoromethylbenzene $(-CF_3)$: $-CF_3$ is a strong electron-withdrawing group by $-I$ effect,which strongly deactivates the ring.Order of activation: $-CF_3$ (deactivating) Therefore,the increasing order of reactivity is $IV < I < II < III$.

Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution:

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