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(A) The reactivity of carbonyl compounds towards nucleophilic addition reactions depends on two factors: steric hindrance and electronic effects.$1.$

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$4 < 3 < 2 < 1$

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(A) The reactivity of carbonyl compounds towards nucleophilic addition reactions depends on two factors: steric hindrance and electronic effects.$1.$ $HCHO$ has the least steric hindrance and no electron-donating groups,making it the most reactive.$2.$ $CH_3COCH_3$ has two methyl groups,which provide slight steric hindrance and $+I$ effect.$3.$ $PhCOCH_3$ has one phenyl group,which provides significant steric hindrance and resonance stabilization to the carbonyl carbon.$4.$ $PhCOPh$ has two phenyl groups,providing the maximum steric hindrance and resonance stabilization,making it the least reactive.Therefore,the increasing order of reactivity is $4 < 3 < 2 < 1$.

Arrange the following compounds in the increasing order of their reactivity towards the nucleophilic addition of $HCN$:
$1. HCHO$
$2. CH_3COCH_3$
$3. PhCOCH_3$
$4. PhCOPh$

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Arrange the following compounds in the increasing order of their reactivity towards the nucleophilic addition of $HCN$:$1. HCHO$$2. CH_3COCH_3$$3. PhCOCH_3$$4. PhCOPh$