An excess of ......... ppm of F^- ions in dri | vedclass

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(D) Fluoride ions $(F^-)$ are essential for making teeth enamel much harder by converting hydroxyapatite,$[3Ca_3(PO_4)_2 \cdot Ca(OH)_2]$,into much ha

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$F^-$

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(D) Fluoride ions $(F^-)$ are essential for making teeth enamel much harder by converting hydroxyapatite,$[3Ca_3(PO_4)_2 \cdot Ca(OH)_2]$,into much harder fluorapatite,$[3Ca_3(PO_4)_2 \cdot CaF_2]$.However,if the concentration of fluoride ions in drinking water exceeds $2 \ ppm$,it causes brown mottling of teeth.At higher concentrations (above $10 \ ppm$),it causes harmful effects such as 'fluorosis',which leads to the stiffening of bones and mottling of teeth.

An excess of ......... $ppm$ of $F^-$ ions in drinking water is responsible for a disease known as fluorosis.

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