What is the product obtained when $m$-chlorobenzaldehyde is treated with a $50\% KOH$ solution?

For the conversion of cyclohexanone to $1-$hydroxy$-1-$methylcyclohexan$-2-$one,the correct order of reagents used is:
$(1)$ $CH_3MgBr / H^+$
$(2)$ $H^+ / \Delta$
$(3)$ $KMnO_4$ (cold dil.)
$(4)$ $CrO_3$

The major product $Y$ in the following reaction is:

The reaction $2CH_3COOC_2H_5 \xrightarrow{C_2H_5ONa} CH_3COCH_2COOC_2H_5 + C_2H_5OH$ is called:

Consider the following reaction,where:
$(A)$ The change in the functional group and
$(B)$ The corresponding change in the hybridization from the starting material to the final product are:
$CH_3-C \equiv N \xrightarrow[(ii) \ HI + \text{Red } P]{(i) \ SnCl_2, HCl / H_3O^{+}}$

Geminal diols (compounds with two $-OH$ groups on the same carbon atom) are generally unstable. However,which of the following is stable?