Aromatic aldehydes are converted into acyloins in the presence of cyanide ions as a catalyst. What is this reaction called?

Find out the reactivity order of the labeled functional groups towards $LiAlH_4$ reduction.

Toluene (excess) undergoes the following sequence of reactions:
$(i)$ $CrO_2Cl_2, CS_2$
(ii) $H_3O^+$
(iii) $NaHSO_3$
After filtration,a residue $(A)$ is obtained. This residue $(A)$ reacts with $dil. \ HCl$ to form compound $(B)$.
Identify the structures of residue $(A)$ and compound $(B)$ respectively.

The reaction that does not give benzoic acid as the major product is

Ethyl ester $\xrightarrow{CH_3MgBr} P$. What will be the product $P$?

The final product $(C)$ in the given reaction sequence is
$C_6H_5COOH$ $\xrightarrow{SOCl_2} (A)$ $\xrightarrow[\text{anhy. } AlCl_3]{C_6H_6} (B)$ $\xrightarrow[\text{(ii) } KOH / (CH_2OH)_2]{\text{(i) } NH_2-NH_2} (C)$