$NADP$ reductase enzyme is located on:

$ATP$ synthesis in chloroplasts and mitochondria is due to a proton gradient across the membrane. Select the correct statements with respect to $ATP$ formation in chloroplasts:
$(a)$ Protons accumulate in the lumen of the thylakoid.
$(b)$ Splitting of water occurs on the inner side of the membrane.
$(c)$ Protons accumulate on the stroma side of the chloroplast.
$(d)$ $NADP$ reductase is located on the stroma side of the membrane.

Which of the following occurs during the light reaction of photosynthesis?

When a chlorophyll molecule in $PS-II$ is excited,the electron released first passes into:

In the diagram shown below,label $A, B, C$. What type of phosphorylation is possible in this?

The visible light wavelengths that are most effective in photosynthesis are.......