$A$ ray of light strikes a plane mirror $M$ at an angle of $45^{\circ}$ as shown in the figure. After reflection,the ray passes through a prism of refractive index $1.5$ whose apex angle is $4^{\circ}$. The total angle through which the ray is deviated is......$^{\circ}$

Ray optics is valid when characteristic dimensions are:

In an experiment for estimating the value of focal length of a converging mirror,the image of an object placed at $40\,cm$ from the pole of the mirror is formed at a distance of $120\,cm$ from the pole of the mirror. These distances are measured with a modified scale in which there are $20$ small divisions in $1\,cm$. The value of error in the measurement of the focal length of the mirror is $1/K\,cm$. The value of $K$ is $..........$

$A$ solid hemisphere of refractive index $\mu_1 = 3/2$ and radius $R = 20\ cm$ is placed as shown in the figure. Another special cylindrical glass of refractive index $\mu_2$,radius $R$,and thickness $t = 2R/3$ is placed adjacent to the flat surface of the solid hemisphere. There is a very small luminous spot at $P$ just inside the solid hemisphere,and the $MN$ surface of the special glass is silvered. Considering only paraxial rays,if the final image of point $P$ for an observer to the left of the hemisphere is at the center $C$ of the hemisphere,find the refractive index $\mu_2$ of the special glass.

If the polarising angle of a piece of glass for green light is $54.74^o$,then the angle of minimum deviation for an equilateral prism made of the same glass is......$^o$ (Given $\tan 54.74^o = 1.414$)

The figure shows a glowing mercury tube. The illuminances at points $A$, $B$, and $C$ are related as